Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية العربية السورية, El-Cumhuriyyetü’l Arabiyyetü’s-Suriyye) shortly Syria (Arabic: سوريا or سورية). The Middle East, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Iraq and Turkey and is a neighboring country. It is the Mediterranean coast. The capital and largest city of Damascus, according to official figures, the population of 17.921 million people in 2004. Aleppo, Latakia, Homs, big cities.